Naturally occurring outbreaks of food/waterborne disease have occurred due to contamination with?

The correct answer is that naturally occurring outbreaks of food and waterborne diseases can occur due to contamination with viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Each of these pathogens can lead to significant public health concerns and can cause a variety of illnesses when ingested through contaminated food or water.

Viruses such as norovirus and hepatitis A are capable of causing outbreaks, particularly in food that is handled by infected individuals or contaminated water supplies. Bacteria, such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes, are well-documented causes of foodborne illnesses that can spread through improper food handling, inadequate cooking, or contaminated sources. Parasites, including Giardia and Cryptosporidium, can also contaminate water supplies and food, leading to gastrointestinal diseases.

Because all three categories of pathogens can independently cause outbreaks of food and waterborne diseases, the most comprehensive answer includes all of these pathogens. This highlights the importance of food safety and hygiene practices to mitigate the risks associated with various types of biological contaminants.